Chromatography

Mass chromatogram figures

Fig. 1: Mass chromatogram of internal standards, SD1 and SD2. Separation of 5 nmoles of amino acids, using LC-MS MetAmino^®

Fig. 2: Mass chromatogram a real sample: Separation of the amino acids in a sample of Budvar beer 12˚ (25 µL of the sample was the initial load). High efficiency of our column and high resolution contribute to a nice peak separation. Sample tested using LC-MS MetAmino^®

Fig. 3: Mass chromatogram of a real sample: Separation of the amino acids present in the blood serum (25 µL of precipitated serum was the initial load). High efficiency of our column and high resolution contribute to a nice peak separation. Sample tested using LC-MS MetAmino^®

Sample preparation

After extracting the content out of your matrix, the sample preparation for LC-MS/GC-MS analysis can take place.

This protocol only briefly describes the sample preparation procedure. For detailed procedure see the Metamino^® user manual.

LC-MS analysis goes as followed:

1. Pipette 100 μL of your extracted content (serum, plasma, ...) and add 100 μL of precipitation medium. Centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
2. Pipette 25 μL of your precipitated sample and add 10 μL of solution with internal standard to each sample preparation vial.
3. Pipette 25 μL of catalytic solution into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5-10 sec.
4. Pipette 10 μL of reagent solution into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5-10 sec. Let the derivatization proceed for at least 2-3 minutes.
5. Activate and equilibrate the sorbent in microspin filter by adding:
   1. 200 μL of MSPE activation medium, then centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
   2. 200 μL of MSPE sorbent equilibration medium, then centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
6. Discard the flow through.
7. Dilute derivatization reaction mixture with 400 μL of diluting and washing medium and vortex 5-10 sec.
8. Load the diluted reaction mixture (typically 450-500 μL) to the wetted microspin filter sorbent and let it stand for 1-2 min. Centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
9. Discard flow through.
10. Wash the sorbent in the microspin filter with 200 μL of diluting and washing medium and centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
11. Place the microspin filter into a new centrifugal vial, add 200 μL of eluting medium and centrifuge 30 to 60 sec at 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
12. Transfer the eluate into the autosampler vial. The sample is ready for LC-MS analysis.

GC-MS analysis goes as followed:

1. Pipette 25 μL of your target sample and 10 μL of solution with internal standards into each reaction glass tube.
2. Pipette 20 μL of reducing agent into each reaction glass tube and vortex briefly 5 to 10 sec. Let it stand for 1 to 2 minutes.
3. Pipette 25 μL of basic medium into each reaction glass tube and add 50 μL of reagent (derivatization) solution into each reaction glass tube and vortex 5 to 10 sec.
4. Pipette 50 μL of reagent (derivatization) solution medium into each reaction glass tube and vortex 5 to 10 sec.
5. Pipette 25 μL of catalytic solution into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5 to 10 sec.
6. Pipette 25 μL of catalytic solution into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5 to 10 sec. Let it stand for 1-2 minutes. The emulsion will gradually separate into two layers.
7. Pipette 50 μL of extraction medium into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5 to 10 sec.
8. Pipette 25 μL of acidic medium into each sample preparation vial and vortex 5 to 10 sec. Then centrifuge 30 to 60 sec 1,500 ×g (6,000 rpm).
9. Transfer the organic (upper) layer (50-100 µL) into the autosampler vial with insert. The sample is ready for GC-MS analysis.

Kit content

The MetAmino^® kit includes all reagents, liquid media and chemicals. Start-up kit content is listed in tables below:

LC-MS kit content for 100 samples:

GC-MS kit content for 100 samples:

Description

Our LC-MS/GC-MS MetAmino^® kits provide fast, robust, reproducible and accurate procedure for the amino acid quantification, where both sample handling and chromatographic separation are taken into account.

Using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectroscopy (MS), the method is based on micro-solid phase extraction (MSPE) using special MetAmino^® spin filter with proprietary media. MetAmino^® microspin filter absorbs derivatized amino acid analytes, which are eluted through the integrated 0.22 μm membrane and afterwards injected into a MetAmino^® HPLC column, undergoing a LC-MS analysis. In total, sample preparation takes around 8 minutes and sample analysis 12 minutes, thus the entire experimental time is only 20 minutes.

While using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS, the sample is firstly derivatized followed by liquid-liquid microextraction step (LLME). Derivatized analytes migrate into the organic layer which is then directly amenable for a quick detection on GC-MS system. In GC-MS kit, sample preparation time has been shortened to 5 minutes and sample analysis runs 12 minutes. Total experimental time is roughly 17 minutes.

This unique kit meets all emergency requirements and needs of high throughput laboratories and is designed for all end-users seeking high separation efficiency.

MetAmino FAQ

What is the type of membrane inside the spin filter?

• The membrane is made of NYLON material and its porosity is 0.22 µm. Its diameter is optimized for use with a given spin filter.

It is possible to expand the MetAmino^® kit with other analytes.

• Yes, the MetAmino^® kit can be further expanded. Contact us with detailed information.

May I use the kit for urine as well?

• Yes, the MetAmino^® kit can be used with urine. The matrix should be without proteins. So, the sample has to be prepared accordingly (centrifugation, filtration).

Can we order the reagents separately?

• Yes, the entire set of reagents can be ordered under catalog number MAK-5857-L002.

What is the back pressure of the LC/MS column?

• The pressure is 380 bars during the beginning of the analysis, at the end it is 200 bars.

Are MRMs for amino acids given in the MetAmino^® Kit were made after derivatization of the standards or before?

• The MRM transitions for AAs given in the kit manual are given as transitions of the AA derivatives and not of the native AA

Should the sample of feed be hydrolyzed before working with the MetAmino^® Kit?

• Precipitation with Precipitation medium (PM) is not an essential step for successful derivatization of the sample. The kit was tested mainly for the analysis of biofluids, which often contain peptides. To avoid their precipitation during derivatization, the precipitation step was included in the sample preparation protocol.
• A total analysis of the free and peptide-bound amino acids is required. In this case, we would recommend hydrolyzing the sample and then drying the aliquot of hydrolyzed sample under a nitrogen stream or in a speedvac. We would then dissolve the dried residue in 25 µL of deionized water or 0.1M aqueous HCl (better solubility) and follow the procedure in the manual by adding 10 µL of the IS solution.
• As for the peptide hydrolysis, the additives (phenol, thiodiglycol) in the hydrolysis medium could also be derivatized (although they are probably not visible in the full scan). Therefore, we would simply recommend 6M HCl as the hydrolysis medium.

Can we order a MetAmino^® GC/MS sample preparation kit for 400 samples?

• Not yet, we currently only have a MetAmino^® GC/MS sample preparation kit for 100 samples. The kit can be ordered under catalog number MAK-5857-BA01.

There are 78 amino acids in table 1, some of which are not in the available mixes of standards - should we therefore rely on MRM transitions and look at the retention time or are these the standards that we should buy if we want to determine them?

• For quantification purposes the MetAmino kit contains - one bottle of SD1 standard solution included in the kit contains 33 amino acids: AAA, ABA, ALA, APA, ARG, ASP, BAIBA, CC, CIT, CTH, GABA, GLU, GLY, GPR, HIS, HLY, HYP, ILE, LEU, LYS, MET, 1MHIS, 3MHIS, ORN, PHE, PHP, PRO, SAR, SER, THR, TPR, TYR, VAL and bottle of SD2 with lyophilized mixture of 3 amino acids: ASN, GLN, TRP. However, the amino acid set can further be expanded to other compounds containing primary or secondary amino functional groups.
• The masses (m/z) reported in the manual are correct and represent M+H+ ions. The masses (m/z) and the retention times from the manual were obtained from the linear ion trap LTQ instrument however, the data from the Certificate of analysis were obtained from Q Exactive plus HRMS instrument. In both cases, the same column, flow rate, and mobile phase composition were used. The retention times (RT) are experimental values and the discrepancy especially for late eluting compounds would be caused by using different LC/MS instruments.

How can I predict how much to dilute a sample?

• It depends on the concentration of analyzed amino acids in the sample. The total amount of amino acids in the sample taken to the reaction should not exceed 1.2 μmoles. The amount of sample also depends on the LCMS instrument.

How much sample we need to take to hydrolisys with 6M HCl to use it with MetAmino^® kit?

• You can take a higher amount of sample for AA hydrolysis (e.g. 50 micrograms in 300 microliters of 6M HCl) and finally take a few microliters (remove the acid in the speedvac or under the nitrogen stream) for the Metamino workflow.

In which point should the sample be diluted? After hydrolysis of the sample and before applying the kit? Or is it possible after the complete application of the kit (finished sample)?

• The reaction is designed to analyze aqueous samples, so if 25 μL of the sample gives an overloaded signal, I would recommend diluting the sample with deionized water. It is also possible to dilute the finished sample.

How much derivatizing reagent is used during derivatization process of the sample? How can I be sure that the reaction is 100%?

• The derivatization agent is sufficient to derivatize 1.2 μmol total amount of amino acids. The derivatization and the purification don´t always proceed at 100%. If you perform the derivatization of samples and calibration points in the same way, you should obtain the correct values. (Even if the effectivity of the derivatization and the micro spin purification is lower than 100%).

Overview of MSPE sorbents

Sorbents for the MSPE technique are chosen to cover the widest possible field of applications. MSPE SpeExtra C18 is a hydrophobic type of octadecyl silica gel with a special endcapping. It is suitable for a wide range of analytes, showing lower retention for polar compounds. MSPE SpeExtra C18-P is a polar modified monomeric octadecyl silica gel. It offers different types of interactions: dipole-dipole, π-π and hydrophobic. It is therefore suitable for aromatic and polar compounds. MSPE SpeExtra HLB polymer sorbent with high specific surface area and special endcapping. It has a hydrophilic and lipophilic modification ensuring universal use and a higher capacity than C18 silica gel.

Purification & testing for cannabis and hemp

Hemp contains hundreds of cannabinoids with Cannabidiol (CBD) being the most prevalent in the plant and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being the active ingredient causing psychotropic effects. However, many more compounds are formed by the hemp plant and have been investigated for their medical effects. This limit often requires THC remediation of the distilled hemp extract (starting material) and can be achieved using preparative scale chromatography such as the puriFlashR XL-Cannabis system. HPLC analysis of the starting material (third pass distillate), fractions collected during the remediation process, and the finished product can be performed using the Advion AVANT HPLC-UV analytical system. Both the purification and analytical processes are shown in this application note to form a complete solution for THC remediation in the hemp industry.

• puriFlah^® L-Canabis instrument with the output up to 4.3 kg/day (columns up to 15 cm ID)
• puriFlah^® XL-canabis instrument with the output up to 12.2 kg/day (columns up to 20 cm ID)
• Plate Express TLC Plate Reader

SPE Phases

This site encloses SPE phases overview includint their technical parameters. Further information about the products are available in the product catalogue.

Clean up SPE columns

Reverse phase hydrophobic

Normal phase hydrophilic

Ion Exchange - Anion Exchange

Ion Exchange - Cation Exchange

Copolymeric phases

GC Phases

On this page we provide an overview of the supplied stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC). Each is given details of its properties and the applications that are suitable for them. In the product catalog you can then choose a suitable quartz or metal capillary column for GC.

Stationary phases LION

Fused silica capillary columns

UHPLC

Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography a milestone in the evolution of LC in that columns packed with <2µm particles, used with instrumentation capable of handling the resulting high back pressures, make possible extremely fast and efficient separations. UHPLC is a very powerful tool for today’s practicing chromatographer, as it can significantly increase the efficiency of a chromatographic separation. In addition, the wider range of usable flow rates makes high speed separations possible.

• Instruments
• UHPLC Columns
• UHPLC Performance on any LC instrument
• Applications and support
• Reagents

Effect on efficience

The lower the particle size, the higher column efficience is (see graph below). With particle size decrease the column back pressure increases significantly. This leads to ultra high pressure of longer LC columns. It means that we cannot use 1,9µm UHPLC column the same lenth like 5µm column (eg. 250 mm long column). In the end we have lower or similar column efficieny as we have with standard HPLC columns. The main benefit of the UHPLC columns is the analysis run time, not the efficiency.

If you need to increase efficiency, look at phase chemistry first. In this case look at stationary phase list.